{"id":12339,"date":"2023-01-16T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-16T14:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/?p=12339"},"modified":"2026-06-07T00:29:18","modified_gmt":"2026-06-07T04:29:18","slug":"brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/staging\/8350\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\/","title":{"rendered":"Brunner Test: Determining student loan dischargeability"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The Brunner test is a legal standard used to determine whether student loans can be discharged (eliminated) in bankruptcy. The test was established in the 1987 court case In re Brunner, and it has since been used as a guideline for determining the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/bankruptcy-wipe-out-student-loans\/\">dischargeability of student loans in bankruptcy<\/a> cases.<\/p>\n<p>The Brunner test consists of three factors that must be met for a borrower to be eligible for student loan discharge in bankruptcy:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Hardship: The borrower must demonstrate that repaying the student loans would cause undue hardship. This means that the borrower cannot maintain a minimal standard of living if they are required to pay back their student loans.<\/li>\n<li>Good faith: The borrower must show that they have made a good faith effort to repay their student loans before seeking discharge in bankruptcy. This typically involves demonstrating that the borrower has made payments on their student loans, even if they were unable to pay the full amount.<\/li>\n<li>Persistence: The borrower must show that their financial circumstances are unlikely to change in the future. This means that the borrower must demonstrate that their hardship is likely to continue for a significant period of time.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-12342\" src=\"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/studying.jpg\" alt=\"girl studying at her desk on a laptop\" width=\"208\" height=\"312\" \/><\/p>\n<p>If a borrower meets all three factors of the Brunner test, they may be eligible to discharge their student loans in bankruptcy. However, it&#8217;s important to note that the Brunner test is just one factor in determining student loan dischargeability in bankruptcy. Other factors, such as the type of student loans (e.g. private or federal) and the bankruptcy chapter being filed under, can also impact a borrower&#8217;s ability to discharge their student loans in bankruptcy.<\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s also worth noting that discharging student loans in bankruptcy is not an easy process. Borrowers must typically file an adversary proceeding, which is a separate lawsuit within the bankruptcy case, to seek a determination of dischargeability for their student loans. This can be a complex and time-consuming process, and it&#8217;s important for borrowers to seek the guidance of a bankruptcy attorney to navigate the process.<\/p>\n<p>In summary, the Brunner test is a legal standard used to determine whether student loans can be discharged in bankruptcy. It consists of three factors: hardship, good faith, and persistence. If a borrower meets all three factors, they may be eligible to discharge their student loans in bankruptcy. However, it&#8217;s important to note that discharging student loans in bankruptcy is a complex process and requires the guidance of a bankruptcy attorney.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4171],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12339","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bankruptcy-basics"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Brunner Test &amp; Student Loans | Duncan Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Brunner test determines if student loans can be discharged in bankruptcy. Learn the 3 required factors and what NC borrowers need to prove to qualify.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Brunner Test: Determining student loan dischargeability\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Brunner test is a legal standard used to determine whether student loans can be discharged (eliminated) in bankruptcy. The test was established in the\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Duncan Law\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/duncanlawonline\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-01-16T14:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-07T04:29:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/blog-general-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Damon Duncan\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@DuncanLaw\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@DuncanLaw\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Damon Duncan\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Damon Duncan\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f7b4948225deab021c8ba0edbea00655\"},\"headline\":\"Brunner Test: Determining student loan dischargeability\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-01-16T14:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-07T04:29:18+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":416,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/studying.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Bankruptcy Basics\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\\\/\",\"name\":\"Brunner Test & Student Loans | Duncan Law\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/studying.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-01-16T14:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-07T04:29:18+00:00\",\"description\":\"The Brunner test determines if student loans can be discharged in bankruptcy. Learn the 3 required factors and what NC borrowers need to prove to qualify.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/studying.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/studying.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Brunner Test: Determining student loan dischargeability\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Duncan Law\",\"description\":\"Bankruptcy attorneys getting a fresh financial start for those in North Carolina.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Duncan Law, LLP\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/staging\\\/8350\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/06\\\/Duncan-Law-Logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/staging\\\/8350\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/06\\\/Duncan-Law-Logo.jpg\",\"width\":1,\"height\":1,\"caption\":\"Duncan Law, LLP\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/duncanlawonline\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/DuncanLaw\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/duncan-law-pllc---north-carolina-law-firm\"],\"description\":\"Duncan Law, LLP is a North Carolina bankruptcy law firm helping individuals and families find relief from debt since 1996. With a board-certified bankruptcy specialist on staff, we guide clients through Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy from offices in Greensboro, Charlotte, Winston-Salem, Asheville, High Point, and Salisbury.\",\"email\":\"damonduncan@duncanlawonline.com\",\"telephone\":\"+1-336-856-1234\",\"legalName\":\"Duncan Law, LLP\",\"foundingDate\":\"1996-01-01\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f7b4948225deab021c8ba0edbea00655\",\"name\":\"Damon Duncan\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0860bfb51834492373565e7f54c76f359af1bc371f1ee7145faa06c8d0a0538d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0860bfb51834492373565e7f54c76f359af1bc371f1ee7145faa06c8d0a0538d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0860bfb51834492373565e7f54c76f359af1bc371f1ee7145faa06c8d0a0538d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Damon Duncan\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.duncanlawonline.com\\\/staging\\\/8350\\\/author\\\/dlo\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Brunner Test & Student Loans | Duncan Law","description":"The Brunner test determines if student loans can be discharged in bankruptcy. Learn the 3 required factors and what NC borrowers need to prove to qualify.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Brunner Test: Determining student loan dischargeability","og_description":"The Brunner test is a legal standard used to determine whether student loans can be discharged (eliminated) in bankruptcy. The test was established in the","og_url":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\/","og_site_name":"Duncan Law","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/duncanlawonline","article_published_time":"2023-01-16T14:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-06-07T04:29:18+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":675,"url":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/blog-general-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Damon Duncan","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@DuncanLaw","twitter_site":"@DuncanLaw","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Damon Duncan","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\/"},"author":{"name":"Damon Duncan","@id":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/#\/schema\/person\/f7b4948225deab021c8ba0edbea00655"},"headline":"Brunner Test: Determining student loan dischargeability","datePublished":"2023-01-16T14:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-07T04:29:18+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\/"},"wordCount":416,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/studying.jpg","articleSection":["Bankruptcy Basics"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\/","url":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\/","name":"Brunner Test & Student Loans | Duncan Law","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/studying.jpg","datePublished":"2023-01-16T14:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-07T04:29:18+00:00","description":"The Brunner test determines if student loans can be discharged in bankruptcy. Learn the 3 required factors and what NC borrowers need to prove to qualify.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/studying.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/studying.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/brunner-test-student-loan-dischargeability\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Brunner Test: Determining student loan dischargeability"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/","name":"Duncan Law","description":"Bankruptcy attorneys getting a fresh financial start for those in North Carolina.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/#organization","name":"Duncan Law, LLP","url":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/staging\/8350\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Duncan-Law-Logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/staging\/8350\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Duncan-Law-Logo.jpg","width":1,"height":1,"caption":"Duncan Law, LLP"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/duncanlawonline","https:\/\/x.com\/DuncanLaw","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/duncan-law-pllc---north-carolina-law-firm"],"description":"Duncan Law, LLP is a North Carolina bankruptcy law firm helping individuals and families find relief from debt since 1996. With a board-certified bankruptcy specialist on staff, we guide clients through Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy from offices in Greensboro, Charlotte, Winston-Salem, Asheville, High Point, and Salisbury.","email":"damonduncan@duncanlawonline.com","telephone":"+1-336-856-1234","legalName":"Duncan Law, LLP","foundingDate":"1996-01-01"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/#\/schema\/person\/f7b4948225deab021c8ba0edbea00655","name":"Damon Duncan","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0860bfb51834492373565e7f54c76f359af1bc371f1ee7145faa06c8d0a0538d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0860bfb51834492373565e7f54c76f359af1bc371f1ee7145faa06c8d0a0538d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0860bfb51834492373565e7f54c76f359af1bc371f1ee7145faa06c8d0a0538d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Damon Duncan"},"url":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/staging\/8350\/author\/dlo\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/staging\/8350\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12339","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/staging\/8350\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/staging\/8350\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/staging\/8350\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/staging\/8350\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12339"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/staging\/8350\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12339\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13905,"href":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/staging\/8350\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12339\/revisions\/13905"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/staging\/8350\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12339"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/staging\/8350\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12339"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.duncanlawonline.com\/staging\/8350\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}